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Sometimes, the Earth passes directly between the Moon and the Sun. At these moments, the Earth cuts off the light reaching the Moon. However, the Earth's atmosphere causes the refraction (bending) of sunlight, so that the Moon rarely disappears completely from view. If the Earth had no atmosphere, the Moon could disappear entirely. At these moments, the Earth's night side is completely cut off from the light that passes it in arcs, so there is no light source illuminating the Moon. Astronomers have noted that these lunar eclipses vary in brightness. Sometimes they are very dim, other times extremely bright. If Earth's atmosphere is saturated with dust, then the lunar eclipse is very dark, sometimes the moon disappears completely. But there are also moments when the Moon is exceedingly bright, far too bright. Can an aurora actually illuminate a moon-sized object ~300,000 km away? Or are there times when light from the inner sun refracts and escapes through the cold polar air...

When physicists installed a nuclear particle detector deep in a mine in the Kolar Gold Fields in India, they hoped to measure particles produced by highly penetrating neutrinos from space. They detected significant showers of these particles, not from above as they had expected, but from the sides and even below! These powerful showers, composed of thousands of different particles, were called "cascade anomalies." Neutrinos are the only known particles with enormous penetrating power. So, do they contribute to the "downward" showers of particles? Average neutrinos don't have the energy to produce these "cascade anomalies." So where do these neutrinos that permeate our entire planet, even from beneath our feet, come from? Scientists have discovered that the cascading anomalies are too energetic to be caused by average neutrinos from space, leaving us with two possibilities for Earth's structure: 1) What if Earth's mantle is thinner than scientis...

The topic of cold fusion doesn't seem to have many supporters. Some scientists consider cold fusion pseudoscience, yet many countries around the world have already spent vast sums of money on research in this field. Some scientists debate the possibility of cold fusion occurring within our planet. P. Palmer, a geophysicist, has suggested just such a possibility. Helium-3 emanating from Earth's interior has been considered by some as evidence that cold fusion processes may be occurring within the Earth.

The primary evidence for the existence of natural nuclear fission processes is the uranium-235 isotope. The main study took place in Oklo, Gabon, in June 1972. A team led by Dr. H.V. Bouzigues from the CEA laboratory in France noted anomalies in the abundance of the uranium-235 isotope. Some time later, much larger depletions of this isotope were discovered in uranium samples from this source. This was the first positive evidence for the hypothesis that natural chain reactions were responsible for the changes in the isotope's abundance. The report issued as a result of this study was: "It turned out that during the reaction, the natural abundance of the relatively rapidly decaying isotope uranium-235 was more than 3%. This is a natural 'enrichment' due to the presence of water in the soil, which increases the efficiency of partitioning and the possibility of a chain reaction developing." In summary, we see that natural nuclear reactions occur in nature—even on Ear...

Richard Milton: "Although some believe that the Earth was cooled as its liquid interior lost heat, we now know that the Earth's overall temperature is constant; as heat is lost through the surface, this loss is balanced by heat generated in the mantle by radioactive decay." However, if the Earth's temperature is constant only because radioactive materials decay, doesn't the "inner Sun" help in some way to maintain a warm climate?

The existence of an "inner sun" within Earth, which would provide heat and light for hypothetical inhabitants of subterranean worlds, is becoming increasingly interesting within the hollow planet theory. Although classical nuclear fusion seems unlikely, some scientists suggest that natural atomic fission processes, such as those associated with uranium-235, could contribute to energy generation within Earth. Additionally, speculation about cold fusion and neutrino anomalies has also emerged, leading to considerations of possible implications for astronomical phenomena. According to one version of the hollow world theory, within Earth and other planets lies a so-called inner sun, which provides heat and light to the beings living in these inner worlds. When considering the inner sun, one must analyze its structure and how it generates energy/heat. The first thought that comes to mind is nuclear fusion. However, upon further consideration, this version proves nearly impossible ...

Scientists, led by British archaeologist Dr. Carla Sage, are reshaping existing notions of the mythical Atlantis, suggesting that the legendary civilization did not sink into the Atlantic Ocean but lies buried beneath the sands of the Sahara. Dr. Sage argues that Atlantis may have been a North African empire that maintained trading links with the Mycenaeans, Cretans, and Egyptians. An excavation expedition is planned in Algeria to uncover the remains of this lost civilization. Scientists suspect that the legendary Atlantis was not submerged by the Atlantic Ocean. "It lies beneath the sands of the Sahara," says British archaeologist Dr. Carla Sage. The discovery was reported by "World Weekly News." Dr. Sage believes Atlantis was a North African empire. "Ancient sources indicate that the Mycenaeans, Cretans, and Egyptians maintained trade relations with Atlantis," he says, adding that Atlantis's location would have allowed for trade with Troy and other i...

An ancient industrial complex has been discovered in Amarna, Egypt, shedding new light on the glass-making skills of Egyptians during the time of Pharaoh Akhenaten. A team of archaeologists from Cardiff University, led by Paul Nicholson, has reconstructed a 3,000-year-old glass kiln, proving that the Egyptians were capable of producing their own glass. In addition to the kiln, the complex also contained a pottery workshop and equipment for producing blue pigment, suggesting that the site may have provided materials for construction and architectural decoration. These discoveries challenge previous beliefs that the ancient Egyptians imported glass. Reconstructed glass furnace at Amarna, Egypt The ancient Egyptians were far more inventive and productive than scholars previously believed, as suggested by new discoveries that reveal the highly advanced glassmaking skills of the pyramid builders. The area where the discoveries were made is located in Amarna, a city on the banks of the Nile,...

Wainess added, "I've only seen this specimen before. It's probably some kind of genetic mutation." He says crabs have the ability to regrow limbs or claws if they lose one during a fight. The aquarium team says Claudette's ability was disrupted, and the crab grew an additional claw in place of the lost limb. Edible crabs constitute the largest proportion of all crab species in England. They use black-tipped claws to capture and devour prey.

An unusual crab with three claws was discovered off the Cornish coast in England, caught by fisherman Jeff Brown. The 20-centimetre-long specimen, named Claudette, was transferred to Newquay Aquarium, where it was quarantined before being publicly displayed. Aquarium manager David Wainess emphasized that the extra claws are rare in crabs and suggested it may be the result of a genetic mutation. Crabs, which dominate English waters, have the ability to regenerate limbs, but in Claudette's case, this process was impaired. A "mutant" crab with three claws was discovered off the Cornish coast in England. Fisherman Jeff Brown caught the 20-centimetre-long crab 2.2 miles (3.6 km) off Portreath and donated the unusual specimen to the Newquay Aquarium. The crab, dubbed Claudette by the Blue Reef crew, was quarantined for several days before being unveiled to the public. Manager David Wainess said additional, fully developed claws are "incredibly rare" in crabs. ...

In recent years, the topic of spiritual healers has gained popularity, raising many doubts about their authenticity. Who is a spiritual healer, really? In this article, we will examine Paul Waters's classification of people, distinguishing three types: intuitionists, intellectualists, and emotionalists. Intuitionists, as individuals who seek the causes of problems in the spiritual realm, play a key role in healing. We will also consider methods of spiritual healing and the importance of true intention in the process of supporting others. Recently, we hear more and more about various types of healers, spiritual healing, etc. But how many of these healers actually deserve this title? Unfortunately, looking at this, it's very clear that there aren't many. But who really is a spiritual healer? Perhaps to illustrate this, I'll present the division cited by Paul Waters. This division divides people into three guilds, three types, from which our culture is said to have origina...

Of course, in addition to half-human, half-animal creatures, there are also animals with a single, centrally located eye. They evoke the Cyclopes of mythology. One such animal was a curious cat from Redmond, Oregon, recently described in the press (see photo). The animal had only one eye and no nose. Unfortunately, despite doctors' best efforts, the cat could not be revived – it lived only a few hours. Veterinarians do not know what could have caused such a mutation (the second cat from the litter was born normal), but they want to examine the animal's body. There are many more accounts, but it would be futile to cite even half of them. They often turn out to be mere hoaxes by individuals. However, mythical creatures can sometimes be seen by multiple witnesses who don't know each other, lending credence to many accounts of encounters with half-human, half-animal beings. There are also many people seriously investigating reports of such animals. And that's a good thing –...

The police in Centerville, Illinois, USA, for example, possess such records. On May 18, 1963, a centaur-like creature appeared in town, neighing, kicking, and terrorizing residents, securing its place in history. That day, local police received dozens of calls regarding the incident. One eyewitness, James McKinney, reportedly saw a fugitive from Greek mythology prancing in front of his door. He vividly described it as half-man, half-horse. In the seventh year of every decade (e.g., 1977, 1987, 1997, etc.), a creature resembling a half-human, half-dog appears in the woods of northern Michigan. It is said to be 8 feet tall and walks upright. This creature is often accused of mutilating farm animals and domestic dogs. The folklore archives at the University of Maryland (USA) contain numerous accounts of encounters with a mysterious creature resembling a satyr, half-human, half-goat. This forest humanoid has the legs and hooves of a goat, coarse black fur on its lower body, the torso of a ...

Mythology features many extraordinary creatures, such as centaurs and satyrs, which have fascinated people for centuries. Surprisingly, accounts of encounters with similar creatures have continued into the 20th century and into modern times. Examples from Centerville, where residents reported seeing a centaur, and Michigan, where a humanoid creature appears every decade, confirm that these mythical figures may have real-life counterparts. Despite the lack of conclusive evidence, such stories are being studied by folklorists and scientists, potentially contributing to a better understanding of our world. Cyclopes, goat-men, dog-men... these and similar creatures are well known to us from mythology around the world. However, these aren't always fictional creatures—there are accounts of encounters with these or similar creatures. Interestingly, many such encounters occurred in the 20th century, and even today. Unfortunately, we rarely find evidence, such as photographs, confirming the...

In the Rennes-le-Château area, once a key stronghold of the Knights Templar, numerous theories circulate about mysterious vaults and their potential treasures. One of the most intriguing, presented by Monika Hauf in her book "The Templars - Myths and Reality," suggests that the monks may have mined uranium. Hauf supports her thesis with archaeological evidence and a medieval document that may indicate the element's lethal properties. Although Bauer presents arguments against this theory, the fascination with the history of the Templars and their hidden secrets continues to attract researchers and enthusiasts. There are many theories about what lies beneath the vaults and caves of the Rennes-le-Château area, which was known to be one of the key strongholds of the Order of the Temple in France. Some of them border on the absurd and fantastic. Martin Bauer presents an extremely interesting theory about the mystery of the underground mines at this location in his book "T...

Here, too, the key lies in pairs of entangled photons. Our protagonists, Alice and Bob, exchange photons from the entangled pairs and measure their polarization directions. The resulting values can then be used as a key for encryption. Alice and Bob can then verify that no one has been eavesdropping on them. They simply need to combine the results of a few measurements and compare them openly, for example, by calling each other. The results should have been perfectly consistent, because the photons were, after all, intertwined. A spy who measured the polarization of the transmitted photons in any way would have to destroy this perfect match. Any difference, therefore, becomes suspicious—either because it was introduced by a spy or because it results from a disruption in the information transmission channel (e.g., optical fiber). Data transmission protocols based on a similar scheme could revolutionize telecommunications in the future, significantly improving the security and confidenti...

The first photon teleportation was achieved by a team of physicists from the University of Vienna, led by Anton Zeilinger, in the second half of 1997. Many other teams subsequently repeated the experiment. However, the distances over which the photons were transmitted were not impressive—only millimeters or centimeters. The fundamental difficulty here is transmitting entangled photons over long distances. In optical fiber, losses always occur. Worse still, the entanglement that connects the photons as they travel apart weakens or even completely disappears along the way. With weakly entangled particles, we are unable to teleport or transmit secret information. To date, the longest distances that entangled pairs can be transmitted are only a few kilometers. That's why physicists are constantly inventing new ways to transmit entangled pairs over greater distances. In a recent issue of "Nature," Zeilinger's team demonstrated for the first time a simple and practical meth...

In science fiction novels, teleportation is a common phenomenon. A person enters a special booth, presses a button... and is instantly transported to the other side of the galaxy. This will likely be possible in the future. But for now, when physicists speak of teleportation, they mean objects much smaller than a human being—individual particles. They mean transporting an exact copy of a particle over a distance and reproducing it in another location. This isn't easy, because according to quantum mechanics, we can't know the full quantum state of a particle (the uncertainty principle prohibits this). And any intervention (including measurement) irreversibly changes the particle being studied. So how is this achieved? This was first achieved by American Charles Bennett of the IBM research center in Yorktown Heights, USA, in the early 1990s. He created a character named Alice who wanted to faithfully transmit a photon instantly, over a long distance, to Bob. Bennett gave Alice th...

In 1935, Einstein, together with Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen, published a famous polemical article in the Physical Review in which he analyzed a hypothetical situation - possible from the point of view of quantum theory, but completely unacceptable to classical physics and common sense. The simplest way to illustrate it is with the example of a pair of particles, e.g. photons, connected by an incomprehensible quantum bond that physicists call an entangled state. According to quantum mechanics, when making any measurement, for example, the direction of a photon's polarization, we cannot be certain of the result. We only know the probability of obtaining one polarization or another. The situation is different in the case of entangled photons. When we manage to measure the polarization of one of them, the measurement result for the other photon in the pair becomes... certain. We know its polarization without using any instruments, although just a moment ago, "the old woman wa...

Will human teleportation become a reality in the 21st century? While this idea seems futuristic, scientists have been researching quantum state teleportation for years. Experiments with photons and entangled particle states demonstrate that quantum manipulation is possible, which could lead to innovations in cryptography and quantum computing. In this article, we will examine the achievements in this field to date, the challenges that remain, and the potential future applications of teleportation. December 1, 2000. Will it be possible to teleport a human in the 21st century, that is, to send an exact copy of him remotely? To do this, we would first need to understand the quantum states of all the molecules, atoms, and electrons that make up our bodies. And then somehow recreate them elsewhere. A seemingly impossible feat. Or is it? By the end of the 20th century, physicists were already able to manipulate individual atoms, arranging them into various patterns and structures. The famous...

In the 20th century, mysterious sightings of snake-like creatures occurred in Denmark, sparking the interest of local residents and researchers. Mysterious snake-like creatures were sighted at least twice in Denmark during the 20th century. The first sighting occurred in September 1943, involving several witnesses. A yellowish-brown snake, six feet long (about 1.8 meters) was seen in the Gudenå River in Jutland. One witness was apparently attacked by the creature. The second sighting occurred in Ulvshale Forest on the island of Mön. The snake-like creature was approximately 4.5 feet long (about 1.35 meters). It had a dark back and a light belly. Some witnesses theorized that it may have been a large eel. Another incident occurred in February 1944, at a dock on Lake Furesø (north of Copenhagen). The creature appeared there, which is difficult to describe in detail, as it was no more visible than a black shape in the water. One boat was damaged by this creature, which could have been any...

The latest hypothesis of the American astronomer Michael Molnar, developed by Jarosław Włodarczyk, seems to be extremely interesting. Towards the end of the first century BC and in the first century AD, a veritable mania for royal horoscopes gripped the Roman Empire. It was believed that a specific planetary alignment at the moment of birth determined a person's potential to be a ruler. It even went so far as to make Augustus public his horoscope in AD 11 to confirm his claim to the imperial throne. "Successive rulers ordered their court astronomers to secretly check the horoscopes of those around them. There are known cases where an astrologer's suggestion resulted in the death of an unfortunate individual whose horoscope was 'too good,'" says Dr. Włodarczyk. At that time, astrology was considered a science, so it is highly likely that Eastern sages were guided by horoscopes. Scholars investigated whether it was possible to draw a "royal" horoscope ...

For centuries, scholars have been captivated by the mention in the Gospel of Matthew of wise men from the East who, following a star, came to worship Jesus. What did the wise men see? What prompted them to set out? If this turned out to be some unusual astronomical phenomenon, by determining when it was visible, we might be close to knowing the true date of Christ's birth. The most popular hypothesis was that the mysterious phenomenon was a comet. Halley's Comet, which appears in the sky every 76 years, was suspected. However, it passed in 12 BC, which was too early. This hypothesis has another serious weakness. "A comet was usually considered a bad omen, a symbol of impending misfortune, yet the sages interpreted it completely differently," explains Dr. Jarosław Włodarczyk from the Institute of the History of Science of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Then came the idea that the mysterious phenomenon was a supernova, a gigantic stellar explosion that could be visible...

In his book "The Mystery of the Bethlehem Star," Jarosław Włodarczyk presents theories that indicate the Savior may have been born in April 6 BC. Analyzing ancient traditions and astronomical phenomena, such as the conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn, the author also touches on the royal horoscopes that may have inspired the wise men from the East to journey to Bethlehem. What could this supernatural phenomenon signify, and what significance did it have for the people of that time? Jesus Christ was born in April 6 BC – this is the latest hypothesis of scientists investigating the mystery of the Star of Bethlehem. The date of Christ's birth, from which we calculate the beginning of our era, was determined in 525 by the monk Dionysius the Small, commissioned by Pope John I. However, it has long been known that Dionysius made a mistake in his calculations. The Savior was born several years earlier. The exact date cannot be determined, but a hypothesis appearing in Jarosław Wło...

This article explores the extraordinary and mysterious phenomena surrounding Abraham Lincoln and his tragic death. The story begins with Lincoln's prophetic dream of his body displayed on a catafalque in the White House, a dream that soon becomes reality after his assassination. Additionally, the text reveals that many White House guests claimed to have seen Lincoln's ghost, and it also presents dark legends of a ghost train carrying his remains. The article also compares Lincoln's fate to that of the tragically deceased President John F. Kennedy. Abraham Lincoln These are the words in which a man told his wife and several friends about a recent, strange, and disturbing event in his life: Ten days ago, I went to bed very late and soon fell asleep. It seemed to me that a dead silence fell around me. Suddenly, I heard muffled sobbing, like the crying of a crowd. In my dream, I got out of bed and went down the stairs. Here the silence was broken by the same mournful crying, bu...

  New research from psychologists at Vanderbilt University reveals that intense emotions can cause a form of "brain blindness" that limits our ability to perceive the world around us. This phenomenon is particularly true for drivers, who may become less alert on the road when confronted with emotional stimuli, such as accidents or gruesome images. Experiments showed that individuals were more likely to make mistakes when confronted with controversial or shocking images, underscoring the importance of alertness in everyday life. We all know that seeing something emotionally disturbing can distract us, but scientists say it can also cause blindness… not in our eyes, but in our brains. This ScienCentral video demonstrates this. It's easy to look at a passing car accident, but doing so can be dangerous. Vanderbilt University psychologist David Zalt said that "emotional" sights—like car accidents, a gruesome crime scene, or a bit of pornography—can briefly blind us t...