Sumerian and Babylonian mythology

Sumerian and Babylonian mythology is a rich source of deities and legends that reflect the beliefs of ancient peoples. Prominent among these divine figures are Acras, the bringer of harvests, and Ahti, the god of waters and good fishing. Each of these deities possesses unique characteristics and mythologies that shaped the beliefs and traditions of their followers, and their stories continue to fascinate scholars and mythology enthusiasts.

Gods

Acras - god, gave people turnips, peas, beans, cabbage, flax and hemp.

Ahti, Achti, Lemminkejnen - god of waters, good fishing and wealth; reckless hero.

Bayan, Pajan - god of thunder.

Biegolmai - god of weather, wind and water.

Hiisi - evil god.

Jumala – in Finnish mythology, he was the creator god, the supreme deity. Legends about him are sparse. It is known that his sacred tree was the oak. Over time, Jumala's place was taken by Ukko, also the supreme deity associated with the air and sky, who caused rain. Ukko's wife was Akka, likely related to Madder-Akka, the creator goddess worshiped by the Sami.

Kalerwo - god, father of Kullerwa.

Kied kie Jubmel was a stone god worshiped by the Sami, a people inhabiting the northernmost reaches of Europe. As late as the seventeenth century, reindeer were sacrificed to him to ensure successful hunting. He was likely considered the "Lord of the Herds." In Sweden, he is known as Storjunka, meaning "Great Lord."

Leib-Olmai—"Alder Man." He was the Lappish god of bears. During bear festivals, hunters would sprinkle their faces with alder bark extract. Leib-Olmai, as the guardian of these animals, expected the hunter to recite the proper prayers before allowing him to kill the animal.

Tapio – Finnish forest god who, along with his wife Meilikki and son Nyyrikki, was believed to ensure an abundance of game in the forests. This god also had evil traits, as he enjoyed tickling and strangling people to death. His daughter Tuulikki was a wind spirit. Tapio was often depicted wearing a moss robe and a fiery helmet.

Tuoni – the Finnish god of the dead who inhabited the dark land of Tuonela, from which only a few returned. He and his wife, Tuonetar, had seven children, who were deities of suffering, including the goddess of disease, Kipu-Tytto. One of the few brave souls who managed to escape from Tuonela was Wainamoinen. After crossing the river that borders Tuonela, Tuonetar welcomed him and offered him beer. However, when the guest fell asleep, her son covered the river with a large iron net so that Wainamoinen could not return the same way and was forced to remain in Tuonela forever. However, when the hero awoke, he transformed into an otter and slipped through the meshes of the net.

Ukko - ruler of the gods.

Untamo - Kullerwa's cruel uncle.