Isdes, a deity of the dead appearing in the form of a black dog (similar to Anubis). Known as the Lord of the West and judge of the Kingdom of the Dead, he is known from texts from the Middle Kingdom. Later, he was strongly associated with Thoth and even identified with him, becoming one of his figures.
Kuk – a primordial deity from Hermopolis, symbolizing darkness. Together with his female counterpart, Kauket, they formed one of the Great Eight pairs. He was depicted as a frog, while Kauket was depicted as a snake.
Min, Minu – the ithyphallic god of Koptos; a god of harvest and fertility, originating from the original phallic cults of Upper Egypt (Akhmim). Processions in his honor ushered in the harvest season; lord of the eastern desert, hence considered the guardian of the caravan route from Koptos to the Black Sea. Depicted as a mummy-shaped man with one hand raised (often with a nechacha whip), the other embracing his erect penis. Many of Min's attributes (except for the iconographic ithyphallic nature) were adopted by Amun.
Montu - ("wild"?), chief deity of Thebes before the domination of Amun; deity of war and warfare, depicted as a falcon or a man with a falcon's head - hence sometimes associated with Horus.
Nefertum - ("beautiful Atum"?), a secondary deity - originally a fetish depicted as a lotus flower with feathers growing from it; he played a role in both the myths of Re and the "judgment of the dead." A youth who cheered the god Ra every morning. Sometimes considered the son of Ptah and Sekhmet.
Nepri - god of grain.
Niau, "Void," a frog-like primordial deity from Hermopolis, along with the serpent Niaut, constituted one of the Great Eight pairs. However, they did not belong to the original set of four divine pairs – in later texts, they were placed in the place of the pair Tenemu and Tenemujt.
Nun, Nunu - ("waters"), primordial deity, personification of the "primordial ocean" from which the earth emerged; often identified with Ptah or Amun. Usually depicted as a man or, locally, a man with the head of a frog.
Onuris - (Egyptian Anhur = "coming from afar" or "bringing [something] from afar"), a secondary warrior deity; considered a god of combat, war, and also of hunting. Depicted as a man wearing a helmet decorated with feathers, holding a spear.
Osiris (Egyptian: Usir), a local deity of the Delta, perhaps a deified tribal leader (with primitive pastoral attributes), made a remarkable career in the Egyptian pantheon. As he absorbed subsequent cults, he acquired a complex, multi-layered symbolism: ruler of the afterlife, judge of the dead, symbol of vegetation, regenerating nature, and the forces of nature ("Osiris of the Grain" – a "germinating" figure of Osiris pressed from mud mixed with cereal grains), and finally even a deity of the Nile, the moon, the sky, and the sun.
His name is unclear – according to hieroglyphic writing, it means "seat of the eye" (?). According to the most popular themes of Heliopolitan theology, he was the son of Nut and Geb, the father of Horus, and the brother (and husband) of Isis and Seth. In a struggle for control of Egypt (an echo of predynastic tribal warfare), he was killed by Seth, dismembered into 14 pieces, and then thrown into the Nile. At the behest of the sun god Re, the jackal-headed god Anubis (Anup in Egyptian) embalmed the corpse, and Isis, using magical incantations, brought her husband back to life, not on earth but in the Land of the Dead.
The Egyptians imagined them as fields, sometimes called "reed fields" or "food fields." After death, the deceased would go to court, presided over by 42 judges in the presence of Osiris; during the judgment, the deceased's heart was weighed. However, the verdict of the posthumous judgment was not dependent on earthly deeds: the deceased was placed in their coffin with a collection of spells, parables, hymns, prayers, and magical formulas, which we now generally call the Book of the Dead. Through this, the deceased gained power over the gods and other afterlife beings, as well as over the posthumous judges, and became Osiris himself. Under these circumstances, the posthumous judgment and the weighing of the heart became a mere formality. A person who could not afford to purchase the Book of the Dead died the so-called second, eternal death. He became a god of the dead only in the 5th dynasty - this aspect of him was "democratized" over time: initially only rulers, from the Middle Kingdom onwards every Egyptian had the right to call himself "Osiris" after death.
Depicted as a mummy of a ruler with an atef crown on his head, he held a scepter (heka) and a whip (nechacha); the main center of the cult was Abydos. Some fetishes of Osiris are also not fully understood, for example, those that served as nome symbols in dynastic times; a conical object (a cap? a proto-mountain? a reliquary? a woven beehive??) topped with long feathers is mounted on a shaft. The fetish's significant significance was likely unknown even to the Egyptians from the late Old Kingdom onward.
Ptah – a multifaceted ancestral deity of Memphite origin; considered the creator and patron of all creative activity (i.e., writers, artists, craftsmen). He was syncretically associated with various gods at different times, for example, as "Ptah-Sokar-Osiris," he was the deity of the dead; many deities, even while retaining their identity, were considered "personifications" of Ptah (e.g., the bull Apis). He was usually depicted as a bald, mumimorphic man with a scepter, on a pedestal.
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